Viparyaya

a Sanskrit term meaning, according to the Yoga Sutra of Patañjali, the flawed knowledge or erroneous judgment based on the senses by means of the perception of objects appearing to be real and not based on their real nature. It is one of five Vṛtti of this philosophical system. Viparaya recognizes five kinds of Vṛtti :

• avidyā : ignorance; non-knowledge, flawed knowledge
• asmitā : the sense of ”I” or selfishness;
• rāga : passion;
• dveṣa : aversion or hate;
• abhiniveśa : attachment to existence.